Aurora DSQL Storage

The Aurora DSQL storage implementation provides storage using Amazon Aurora DSQL with IAM authentication.

Aurora DSQL does not support PostgreSQL extensions (CREATE EXTENSION), including pgvector. For vector storage, use a separate vector store such as @mastra/s3vectors.

Installation

npm install @mastra/dsql@beta

Prerequisites

• Amazon Aurora DSQL cluster
• AWS credentials with access to the DSQL cluster (IAM authentication)

Usage

import { DSQLStore } from '@mastra/dsql'

const storage = new DSQLStore({
  id: 'my-dsql-store',
  host: 'abc123.dsql.us-east-1.on.aws',
  // region is auto-detected from host, or specify explicitly:
  // region: 'us-east-1',
  // user: 'admin', // default
  // database: 'postgres', // default
})

// Initialize the store (creates tables if needed)
await storage.init()

Parameters

id:

string

Unique identifier for this store instance

host:

string

DSQL cluster endpoint (e.g., abc123.dsql.us-east-1.on.aws)

pool?:

pg.Pool

Pre-configured pg.Pool instance. Use this for direct control over the connection pool. Cannot be used with host configuration.

user?:

string

Database user. Aurora DSQL's admin role is 'admin'.

database?:

string

Database name. Aurora DSQL exposes a single database named 'postgres' per cluster.

region?:

string

AWS region. Extracted from host if not provided.

schemaName?:

string

PostgreSQL schema name where Mastra tables and indexes are created.

customCredentialsProvider?:

AwsCredentialIdentityProvider

Custom AWS credentials provider for IAM authentication.

max?:

number

Maximum connections in the pool.

min?:

number

Minimum connections in the pool.

idleTimeoutMillis?:

number

Close idle connections after this many milliseconds.

maxLifetimeSeconds?:

number

Maximum connection lifetime in seconds. Must be less than 3600 due to Aurora DSQL's 60-minute connection limit.

connectionTimeoutMillis?:

number

Connection acquisition timeout in milliseconds.

allowExitOnIdle?:

boolean

Allow the process to exit when all connections are idle.

Constructor Examples

You can instantiate DSQLStore in the following ways:

import { DSQLStore } from '@mastra/dsql'

// Basic configuration (region auto-detected from host)
const store1 = new DSQLStore({
  id: 'my-dsql-store',
  host: 'abc123.dsql.us-east-1.on.aws',
})

// With explicit region and schema
const store2 = new DSQLStore({
  id: 'my-dsql-store',
  host: 'abc123.dsql.us-east-1.on.aws',
  region: 'us-east-1',
  schemaName: 'my_app',
})

// With custom credentials provider
import { fromNodeProviderChain } from '@aws-sdk/credential-providers'

const store3 = new DSQLStore({
  id: 'my-dsql-store',
  host: 'abc123.dsql.us-east-1.on.aws',
  customCredentialsProvider: fromNodeProviderChain(),
})

// With connection pool settings
const store4 = new DSQLStore({
  id: 'my-dsql-store',
  host: 'abc123.dsql.us-east-1.on.aws',
  max: 20,
  min: 2,
  idleTimeoutMillis: 300000,
  maxLifetimeSeconds: 3000,
  connectionTimeoutMillis: 10000,
})

// Using a pre-configured pg.Pool
import { Pool } from 'pg'
import { AuroraDSQLClient } from '@aws/aurora-dsql-node-postgres-connector'

const pool = new Pool({
  host: 'abc123.dsql.us-east-1.on.aws',
  Client: AuroraDSQLClient,
  region: 'us-east-1',
})

const store5 = new DSQLStore({
  id: 'my-dsql-store',
  pool,
})

Additional Notes

Schema Management

The storage implementation handles schema creation and updates automatically. It creates the following tables:

• mastra_workflow_snapshot: Stores workflow state and execution data
• mastra_threads: Stores conversation threads
• mastra_messages: Stores individual messages
• mastra_ai_spans: Stores span data for observability
• mastra_scorers: Stores scoring and evaluation data
• mastra_resources: Stores resource working memory data
• mastra_agents: Stores agent data

Initialization

When you pass storage to the Mastra class, init() is called automatically before any storage operation:

import { Mastra } from '@mastra/core'
import { DSQLStore } from '@mastra/dsql'

const storage = new DSQLStore({
  id: 'my-dsql-store',
  host: 'abc123.dsql.us-east-1.on.aws',
})

const mastra = new Mastra({
  storage, // init() is called automatically
})

If you're using storage directly without Mastra, you must call init() explicitly to create the tables:

import { DSQLStore } from '@mastra/dsql'

const storage = new DSQLStore({
  id: 'my-dsql-store',
  host: 'abc123.dsql.us-east-1.on.aws',
})

// Required when using storage directly
await storage.init()

// Access domain-specific stores via getStore()
const memoryStore = await storage.getStore('memory')
const thread = await memoryStore?.getThreadById({ threadId: '...' })

warning

If init() is not called, tables won't be created and storage operations will fail silently or throw errors.

Direct Database and Pool Access

DSQLStore exposes both the underlying database client and the pg.Pool instance as public fields:

storage.db // Database client for executing queries
storage.pool // Underlying pg.Pool instance

This enables direct queries and custom transaction management. When using these fields:

• You are responsible for proper connection and transaction handling.
• Closing the store (storage.close()) will destroy the connection pool if it was created by the store.
• Direct access bypasses any additional logic or validation provided by DSQLStore methods.

This approach is intended for advanced scenarios where low-level access is required.

Aurora DSQL Specifics

IAM-only authentication

Connections are authenticated with IAM. There are no database passwords. @mastra/dsql uses @aws/aurora-dsql-node-postgres-connector to generate short-lived auth tokens. You can provide a custom credentials provider via customCredentialsProvider.

Single database, schema-based isolation

Each cluster exposes a single database named postgres. Logical separation is done via schemas. The schemaName option controls where Mastra tables are created.

No PostgreSQL extensions

CREATE EXTENSION is not supported. This includes pgvector, PostGIS, and others. For vector storage, use a separate store such as @mastra/s3vectors alongside DSQLStore.

JSON stored as text

JSON/JSONB are available as query types but not as column types. @mastra/dsql stores structured fields (metadata, content, etc.) in TEXT columns and casts to JSON at query time.

Schema and DDL constraints

Some PostgreSQL features are not available:

• Foreign key constraints
• TRUNCATE
• Synchronous CREATE INDEX

Indexes are created asynchronously using CREATE INDEX ASYNC. The store's init() and index helper APIs respect these constraints.

Transactions and optimistic concurrency

Aurora DSQL uses optimistic concurrency control (OCC) and may return retriable OCC errors under contention. There are limits on transaction duration and size. Large bulk operations should be split into smaller batches at the application level.

Connection lifetime

Individual connections are limited to about 60 minutes. The default maxLifetimeSeconds: 3300 ensures connections are recycled before hitting this limit.

Usage Example

Adding memory to an agent

To add Aurora DSQL memory to an agent use the Memory class and create a new storage key using DSQLStore. The host should point to your Aurora DSQL cluster endpoint.

src/mastra/agents/example-dsql-agent.ts

import { Memory } from '@mastra/memory'
import { Agent } from '@mastra/core/agent'
import { DSQLStore } from '@mastra/dsql'

export const dsqlAgent = new Agent({
  id: 'dsql-agent',
  name: 'DSQL Agent',
  instructions:
    'You are an AI agent with the ability to automatically recall memories from previous interactions.',
  model: 'openai/gpt-5.1',
  memory: new Memory({
    storage: new DSQLStore({
      id: 'dsql-agent-storage',
      host: process.env.DSQL_HOST!,
    }),
    options: {
      generateTitle: true, // Explicitly enable automatic title generation
    },
  }),
})

Using the agent

Use memoryOptions to scope recall for this request. Set lastMessages: 5 to limit recency-based recall, and use semanticRecall to fetch the topK: 3 most relevant messages, including messageRange: 2 neighboring messages for context around each match.

src/test-dsql-agent.ts

import 'dotenv/config'

import { mastra } from './mastra'

const threadId = '123'
const resourceId = 'user-456'

const agent = mastra.getAgent('dsql-agent')

const message = await agent.stream('My name is Mastra', {
  memory: {
    thread: threadId,
    resource: resourceId,
  },
})

await message.textStream.pipeTo(new WritableStream())

const stream = await agent.stream("What's my name?", {
  memory: {
    thread: threadId,
    resource: resourceId,
  },
  memoryOptions: {
    lastMessages: 5,
    semanticRecall: {
      topK: 3,
      messageRange: 2,
    },
  },
})

for await (const chunk of stream.textStream) {
  process.stdout.write(chunk)
}

Index Management

Aurora DSQL storage provides index management capabilities to optimize query performance.

Automatic Performance Indexes

Aurora DSQL storage automatically creates composite indexes during initialization for common query patterns:

• mastra_threads_resourceid_createdat_idx: (resourceId, createdAt)
• mastra_messages_thread_id_createdat_idx: (thread_id, createdAt)
• mastra_ai_spans_traceid_startedat_idx: (traceId, startedAt)
• mastra_ai_spans_parentspanid_startedat_idx: (parentSpanId, startedAt)
• mastra_ai_spans_name_idx: (name)
• mastra_ai_spans_spantype_startedat_idx: (spanType, startedAt)
• mastra_scores_trace_id_span_id_created_at_idx: (traceId, spanId, createdAt)

Aurora DSQL creates these indexes asynchronously using CREATE INDEX ASYNC. Because index creation is asynchronous, new indexes may not be immediately available after init(). The store will continue to function without them, but queries may be slower until index creation completes.

Creating Custom Indexes

Create additional indexes to optimize specific query patterns:

await storage.createIndex({
  name: 'idx_threads_resource',
  table: 'mastra_threads',
  columns: ['resourceId'],
})

await storage.createIndex({
  name: 'idx_messages_composite',
  table: 'mastra_messages',
  columns: ['thread_id', 'createdAt'],
})

Aurora DSQL does not allow ASC/DESC in CREATE INDEX ASYNC. If you include them, they will be automatically stripped.

Index Options

name:

string

Unique name for the index

table:

string

Table name (e.g., 'mastra_threads')

columns:

string[]

Array of column names. ASC/DESC modifiers are automatically stripped for Aurora DSQL compatibility.

unique?:

boolean

Create a unique index.

concurrent?:

boolean

Ignored in Aurora DSQL. Indexes are always created asynchronously.

where?:

string

Partial index condition.

method?:

string

Ignored in Aurora DSQL. Only btree indexes are supported.

opclass?:

string

Ignored in Aurora DSQL.

storage?:

Record<string, any>

Ignored in Aurora DSQL.

tablespace?:

string

Ignored in Aurora DSQL. Tablespaces are not supported.

Managing Indexes

List and monitor existing indexes:

// List all indexes
const allIndexes = await storage.listIndexes()
console.log(allIndexes)
// [
//   {
//     name: 'mastra_threads_pkey',
//     table: 'mastra_threads',
//     columns: ['id'],
//     unique: true,
//     size: '16 KB',
//     definition: 'CREATE UNIQUE INDEX...'
//   },
//   ...
// ]

// List indexes for a specific table
const threadIndexes = await storage.listIndexes('mastra_threads')

// Get detailed statistics for an index
const stats = await storage.describeIndex('idx_threads_resource')
console.log(stats)
// {
//   name: 'idx_threads_resource',
//   table: 'mastra_threads',
//   columns: ['resourceId'],
//   unique: false,
//   size: '128 KB',
//   definition: 'CREATE INDEX idx_threads_resource...',
//   method: 'btree',
//   scans: 1542,
//   tuples_read: 45230,
//   tuples_fetched: 12050
// }

// Drop an index
await storage.dropIndex('idx_threads_status')

Schema-Specific Indexes

When using custom schemas, indexes are created with schema prefixes:

const storage = new DSQLStore({
  id: 'my-dsql-store',
  host: 'abc123.dsql.us-east-1.on.aws',
  schemaName: 'custom_schema',
})

// Creates index as: custom_schema_idx_threads_status
await storage.createIndex({
  name: 'idx_threads_status',
  table: 'mastra_threads',
  columns: ['status'],
})

Related Resources

• Aurora DSQL Documentation
• SQL Reference
• Supported SQL Features
• Unsupported PostgreSQL Features
• Supported Data Types
• Asynchronous Indexes