createRoute()

The createRoute() function creates type-safe routes with Zod validation. When an openapiPath is configured on the server adapter, it generates OpenAPI schema entries from the supplied Zod schemas.

Import

import { createRoute } from '@mastra/server/server-adapter'

Signature

function createRoute<TPath, TQuery, TBody, TResponse, TResponseType>(
  config: RouteConfig<TPath, TQuery, TBody, TResponse, TResponseType>,
): ServerRoute

Parameters

method:

'GET' | 'POST' | 'PUT' | 'DELETE' | 'PATCH' | 'ALL'

HTTP method

path:

string

Route path with optional params (e.g., /api/items/:id)

responseType:

'json' | 'stream'

Response format. Internal routes may use additional types (datastream-response, mcp-http, mcp-sse).

handler:

ServerRouteHandler

Route handler function

pathParamSchema?:

ZodSchema

Validates URL path parameters

queryParamSchema?:

ZodSchema

Validates query string parameters

bodySchema?:

ZodSchema

Validates request body

responseSchema?:

ZodSchema

Documents response shape for OpenAPI

streamFormat?:

'sse' | 'stream'

Stream format (when responseType is 'stream')

maxBodySize?:

number

Override default body size limit in bytes

summary?:

string

OpenAPI summary

description?:

string

OpenAPI description

tags?:

string[]

OpenAPI tags

deprecated?:

boolean

Mark route as deprecated

onValidationError?:

(error: ZodError, context: 'query' | 'body' | 'path') => { status: number; body: unknown } | undefined

Custom validation error handler for this route. Overrides the server-level onValidationError hook. Return { status, body } to customize the response, or undefined to use the default.

Handler parameters

The handler receives validated parameters plus runtime context:

handler: async params => {
  // From schemas (typed from Zod)
  params.id // From pathParamSchema
  params.filter // From queryParamSchema
  params.name // From bodySchema

  // Runtime context (always available)
  params.mastra // Mastra instance
  params.requestContext // Request-scoped context
  params.tools // Available tools
  params.abortSignal // Request cancellation signal
  params.taskStore // A2A task storage
}

Return value

Returns a ServerRoute object that can be registered with an adapter or passed to server.apiRoutes on the Mastra instance.

Examples

Register through server.apiRoutes

Routes created with createRoute() can be passed to server.apiRoutes. The adapter registers them with runtime validation, typed handler parameters, and generated OpenAPI metadata. See Custom API routes for details.

import { Mastra } from '@mastra/core'
import { createRoute } from '@mastra/server/server-adapter'
import { z } from 'zod'

const createItemRoute = createRoute({
  method: 'POST',
  path: '/items',
  responseType: 'json',
  bodySchema: z.object({
    name: z.string(),
  }),
  handler: async ({ name }) => ({ id: 'new-id', name }),
})

export const mastra = new Mastra({
  server: {
    apiRoutes: [createItemRoute],
  },
})

GET route with path params

import { createRoute } from '@mastra/server/server-adapter'
import { z } from 'zod'

const getAgent = createRoute({
  method: 'GET',
  path: '/api/agents/:agentId',
  responseType: 'json',
  pathParamSchema: z.object({
    agentId: z.string(),
  }),
  responseSchema: z.object({
    name: z.string(),
    description: z.string().optional(),
  }),
  summary: 'Get agent by ID',
  tags: ['Agents'],
  handler: async ({ agentId, mastra }) => {
    return mastra.getAgent(agentId)
  },
})

POST route with body

const createItem = createRoute({
  method: 'POST',
  path: '/api/items',
  responseType: 'json',
  bodySchema: z.object({
    name: z.string(),
    value: z.number(),
  }),
  responseSchema: z.object({
    id: z.string(),
    name: z.string(),
    value: z.number(),
  }),
  handler: async ({ name, value, mastra }) => {
    // name and value are typed from bodySchema
    return { id: 'new-id', name, value }
  },
})

Query params with coercion

const listItems = createRoute({
  method: 'GET',
  path: '/api/items',
  responseType: 'json',
  queryParamSchema: z.object({
    page: z.coerce.number().default(0),
    limit: z.coerce.number().default(50),
    enabled: z.coerce.boolean().optional(),
  }),
  handler: async ({ page, limit, enabled, mastra }) => {
    // page, limit, enabled are typed and coerced
    return { items: [], page, limit }
  },
})

Streaming route

const streamAgent = createRoute({
  method: 'POST',
  path: '/api/agents/:agentId/stream',
  responseType: 'stream',
  streamFormat: 'sse',
  pathParamSchema: z.object({
    agentId: z.string(),
  }),
  bodySchema: z.object({
    messages: z.array(z.any()),
  }),
  handler: async ({ agentId, messages, mastra, abortSignal }) => {
    const agent = mastra.getAgent(agentId)
    return agent.stream(messages, { abortSignal })
  },
})

Custom body size limit

const uploadRoute = createRoute({
  method: 'POST',
  path: '/api/upload',
  responseType: 'json',
  maxBodySize: 50 * 1024 * 1024, // 50MB
  bodySchema: z.object({
    file: z.string(),
  }),
  handler: async ({ file }) => {
    return { uploaded: true }
  },
})

Schema patterns

Passthrough for extensibility

const bodySchema = z
  .object({
    required: z.string(),
  })
  .passthrough() // Allow unknown fields

Date coercion

const querySchema = z.object({
  fromDate: z.coerce.date().optional(),
  toDate: z.coerce.date().optional(),
})

Union types

const bodySchema = z.object({
  messages: z.union([z.array(z.any()), z.string()]),
})

Error handling

Throw an error with a status property to return specific HTTP status codes from handlers. If using Hono, you can use HTTPException from hono/http-exception:

import { createRoute } from '@mastra/server/server-adapter'
import { HTTPException } from 'hono/http-exception'

const getAgent = createRoute({
  method: 'GET',
  path: '/api/agents/:agentId',
  responseType: 'json',
  pathParamSchema: z.object({ agentId: z.string() }),
  handler: async ({ agentId, mastra }) => {
    const agent = mastra.getAgent(agentId)
    if (!agent) {
      throw new HTTPException(404, { message: `Agent '${agentId}' not found` })
    }
    return agent
  },
})

For Express or framework-agnostic code, throw an error with a status property:

class HttpError extends Error {
  constructor(
    public status: number,
    message: string,
  ) {
    super(message)
  }
}

// In handler:
throw new HttpError(404, `Agent '${agentId}' not found`)

Common status codes:

Code	Meaning
400	Bad Request
401	Unauthorized
403	Forbidden
404	Not Found
500	Internal Server Error

Related

• Server Routes: Default Mastra routes
• MastraServer: Server adapter class
• Server Adapters: Using adapters