Building an Agent that can search the web

When building a web search agent, you have two main strategies to consider:

1. Native search tools from the LLM: Certain language models offer integrated web search capabilities that work out of the box.
2. Implement a custom search tool: Develop your own integration with a search provider's API to handle queries and retrieve results.

Prerequisites

• Node.js v20.0 or later installed
• An API key from a supported Model Provider
• An existing Mastra project (Follow the installation guide to set up a new project)

Using native search tools

Some LLM providers include built-in web search capabilities that can be used directly without additional API integrations. OpenAI's GPT-4o-mini and Google's Gemini 2.5 Flash both offer native search tools that the model can invoke during generation.

1. Install dependencies

   Open AI

   npm install @ai-sdk/openai

   Gemini

   npm install @ai-sdk/google

2. Create a new file src/mastra/agents/searchAgent.ts and define your agent:

   Open AI

   src/mastra/agents/searchAgent.ts

   import { Agent } from "@mastra/core/agent";
   
   export const searchAgent = new Agent({
       name: "Search Agent",
       instructions:
           "You are a search agent that can search the web for information.",
       model: 'openai/gpt-4o-mini',
   });

   Gemini

   src/mastra/agents/searchAgent.ts

   import { Agent } from "@mastra/core/agent";
   
   export const searchAgent = new Agent({
       name: "Search Agent",
       instructions:
           "You are a search agent that can search the web for information.",
       model: 'google/gemini-2.5-flash',
   });

3. Setup the tool:

   Open AI

   src/mastra/agents/searchAgent.ts

   import { openai } from "@ai-sdk/openai";
   import { Agent } from "@mastra/core/agent";
   
   export const searchAgent = new Agent({
       name: "Search Agent",
       instructions:
           "You are a search agent that can search the web for information.",
       model: 'openai/gpt-4o-mini',
       tools: {
           webSearch: openai.tools.webSearch()
       }
   });

   Gemini

   src/mastra/agents/searchAgent.ts

   import { google } from "@ai-sdk/google";
   import { Agent } from "@mastra/core/agent";
   
   export const searchAgent = new Agent({
       name: "Search Agent",
       instructions:
           "You are a search agent that can search the web for information.",
       model: 'google/gemini-2.5-flash',
       tools: {
           webSearch: google.tools.googleSearch()
       }
   });

4. In your src/mastra/index.ts file, register the agent:

   src/mastra/index.ts

   import { Mastra } from "@mastra/core";
   import { searchAgent } from "./agents/searchAgent";
   
   export const mastra = new Mastra({
     agents: { searchAgent },
   });

5. You can test your agent with Studio using the mastra dev command:

   mastra dev

   Inside Studio navigate to the "Search Agent" and ask it: "What happened last week in AI news?"

Using Search APIs

For more control over search behavior, you can integrate external search APIs as custom tools. Exa is a search engine built specifically for AI applications, offering semantic search, configurable filters (category, domain, date range), and the ability to retrieve full page contents. The search API is wrapped in a Mastra tool that defines the input schema, output format, and execution logic.

1. Install dependencies

   npm install exa-js

2. Create a new file src/mastra/agents/searchAgent.ts and define your agent:

   src/mastra/agents/searchAgent.ts

   import { Agent } from "@mastra/core/agent";
   
   export const searchAgent = new Agent({
     name: "Search Agent",
     instructions:
       "You are a search agent that can search the web for information.",
     model: "openai/gpt-4o-mini",
   });

3. Setup the tool

   src/mastra/tools/searchTool.ts

   import { createTool } from "@mastra/core/tools";
   import z from "zod";
   import Exa from "exa-js";
   
   export const exa = new Exa(process.env.EXA_API_KEY);
   
   export const webSearch = createTool({
     id: "exa-web-search",
     description: "Search the web",
     inputSchema: z.object({
       query: z.string().min(1).max(50).describe("The search query"),
     }),
     outputSchema: z.array(
       z.object({
         title: z.string().nullable(),
         url: z.string(),
         content: z.string(),
         publishedDate: z.string().optional(),
       }),
     ),
     execute: async ({ context }) => {
       const { results } = await exa.searchAndContents(context.query, {
         livecrawl: "always",
         numResults: 2,
       });
   
       return results.map((result) => ({
         title: result.title,
         url: result.url,
         content: result.text.slice(0, 500),
         publishedDate: result.publishedDate,
       }));
     },
   });

4. Add to your Agent

   src/mastra/agents/searchAgent.ts

   import { webSearch } from "./tools/searchTool";
   
   export const searchAgent = new Agent({
     name: "Search Agent",
     instructions:
       "You are a search agent that can search the web for information.",
     model: "openai/gpt-4o-mini",
     tools: {
       webSearch,
     },
   });

5. In your src/mastra/index.ts file, register the agent:

   src/mastra/index.ts

   import { Mastra } from "@mastra/core";
   import { searchAgent } from "./agents/searchAgent";
   
   export const mastra = new Mastra({
     agents: { searchAgent },
   });

6. You can test your agent with Studio using the mastra dev command:

   mastra dev

   Inside Studio navigate to the "Search Agent" and ask it: "What happened last week in AI news?"