Migration Guide: VNext to Standard APIs

Overview

As of v 0.20.00, the streamVNext() and generateVNext() methods in Mastra agents have been renamed to stream() and generate() respectively. These are now the standard APIs with full AI SDK v5 compatibility. The original stream() and generate() methods have been renamed to streamLegacy() and generateLegacy() to maintain backward compatibility with AI SDK v4.

Continue using AI SDK v4 models

• Rename all your stream() and generate() calls to streamLegacy() and generateLegacy() respectively. No other change is needed.

Continue using AI SDK v5 models

• Rename all your streamVNext() and generateVNext() calls to stream() and generate() respectively. No other change is needed.

Upgrade from AI SDK v4 models to v5 models

First bump all your model provider packages by a major version. This will ensure that they are all v5 models now. Follow the guide below to understand the differences.

Key Differences

1. Model version support

• Legacy APIs (generateLegacy, streamLegacy): Only support AI SDK v4 models (specificationVersion: 'v1')
• Current APIs (generate, stream): Only support AI SDK v5 models (specificationVersion: 'v2')
• This is enforced at runtime with clear error messages

2. Return types

Legacy methods return AI SDK v4 types

• generateLegacy():

  • GenerateTextResult or GenerateObjectResult

• streamLegacy():

  • StreamTextResult or StreamObjectResult

New stream methods return Mastra/AI SDK v5 types

• generate():

  • When format: 'mastra' (default): Returns MastraModelOutput.getFullOutput() result
  • When format: 'aisdk': Returns AISDKV5OutputStream.getFullOutput() result (AI SDK v5 compatible)
  • Internally calls stream() and awaits getFullOutput()

• stream():

  • When format: 'mastra' (default): Returns MastraModelOutput<OUTPUT>
  • When format: 'aisdk': Returns AISDKV5OutputStream<OUTPUT> (AI SDK v5 compatible)

Format Control

• Legacy: No format control, always returns AI SDK v4 types
• New stream: Can choose format via format option ('mastra' or 'aisdk')

// Mastra native format (default)
const result = await agent.stream(messages, {
  format: "mastra",
});

// AI SDK v5 compatibility
const result = await agent.stream(messages, {
  format: "aisdk",
});

3. New Options in Non-Legacy APIs

The following options are available in stream() and generate() but NOT in their legacy counterparts:

1. format - Choose between 'mastra' or 'aisdk' output format

const result = await agent.stream(messages, {
  format: "aisdk", // or 'mastra' (default)
});

2. system - Custom system message (separate from instructions)

const result = await agent.stream(messages, {
  system: "You are a helpful assistant",
});

3. structuredOutput - Enhanced structured output with model override and custom options

• If no model is added it will use the agent's default model.
• Error strategy when the object does not conform to the schema is warn (log a warning), error (throw an error), or fallback (return a default fallback value of your choice).

const result = await agent.generate(messages, {
  structuredOutput: {
    schema: z.object({
      name: z.string(),
      age: z.number(),
    }),
    model: openai("gpt-4o-mini"), // Optional model override for structuring
    errorStrategy: "fallback",
    fallbackValue: { name: "unknown", age: 0 },
    instructions: "Extract user information", // Override default structuring instructions
  },
});

4. stopWhen - Flexible stop conditions (step count, token limit, etc.)

const result = await agent.stream(messages, {
  stopWhen: ({ steps, totalTokens }) => steps >= 5 || totalTokens >= 10000,
});

5. providerOptions - Provider-specific options (e.g., OpenAI-specific settings)

const result = await agent.stream(messages, {
  providerOptions: {
    openai: {
      store: true,
      metadata: { userId: "123" },
    },
  },
});

6. onChunk - Callback for each streaming chunk

const result = await agent.stream(messages, {
  onChunk: (chunk) => {
    console.log("Received chunk:", chunk);
  },
});

7. onError - Error callback

const result = await agent.stream(messages, {
  onError: (error) => {
    console.error("Stream error:", error);
  },
});

8. onAbort - Abort callback

const result = await agent.stream(messages, {
  onAbort: () => {
    console.log("Stream aborted");
  },
});

9. activeTools - Specify which tools are active for this execution

const result = await agent.stream(messages, {
  activeTools: ["search", "calculator"], // Only these tools will be available
});

10. abortSignal - AbortSignal for cancellation

const controller = new AbortController();
const result = await agent.stream(messages, {
  abortSignal: controller.signal,
});

// Later: controller.abort();

11. prepareStep - Callback before each step in multi-step execution

const result = await agent.stream(messages, {
  prepareStep: ({ step, state }) => {
    console.log("About to execute step:", step);
    return {
      /* modified state */
    };
  },
});

12. requireToolApproval - Require approval for all tool calls

const result = await agent.stream(messages, {
  requireToolApproval: true,
});

4. Options That Still Exist But Have Been Moved

temperature and Other Model Settings

Unified in modelSettings

const result = await agent.stream(messages, {
  modelSettings: {
    temperature: 0.7,
    maxTokens: 1000,
    topP: 0.9,
  },
});

resourceId and threadId

Moved to memory object.

const result = await agent.stream(messages, {
  memory: {
    resource: "user-123",
    thread: "thread-456",
  },
});

5. Options That Are Deprecated or Removed

experimental_output

Use structuredOutput instead to allow for tool calls and an object return.

const result = await agent.generate(messages, {
  structuredOutput: {
    schema: z.object({
      summary: z.string(),
    }),
  },
});

output

The output property is deprecated in favor of structuredOutput, to achieve the same results use maxSteps 1 with structuredOutput.

const result = await agent.generate(messages, {
  structuredOutput: {
    schema: {
      z.object({
        name: z.string()
      })
    }
  },
  maxSteps: 1
});

memoryOptions was removed

Use memory instead

const result = await agent.generate(messages, {
  memory: {
    ...
  }
});

6. Type Changes

context

• Legacy: CoreMessage[]
• New format: ModelMessage[]

toolChoice uses the AI SDK v5 ToolChoice type

type ToolChoice<TOOLS extends Record<string, unknown>> =
  | "auto"
  | "none"
  | "required"
  | {
      type: "tool";
      toolName: Extract<keyof TOOLS, string>;
    };

Migration Checklist

If you're already using streamVNext and generateVNext

Just find/replace the methods to stream and generate respectively.

If you're using the old stream and generate

Decide whether you want to upgrade or not. If you don't, just find/replace to streamLegacy and generateLegacy.