# Voice

Mastra agents can be enhanced with voice capabilities, allowing them to speak responses and listen to user input. You can configure an agent to use either a single voice provider or combine multiple providers for different operations.

## Basic usage

The simplest way to add voice to an agent is to use a single provider for both speaking and listening:

```typescript
import { createReadStream } from "fs";
import path from "path";
import { Agent } from "@mastra/core/agent";
import { OpenAIVoice } from "@mastra/voice-openai";

// Initialize the voice provider with default settings
const voice = new OpenAIVoice();

// Create an agent with voice capabilities
export const agent = new Agent({
  id: "voice-agent",
  name: "Voice Agent",
  instructions: `You are a helpful assistant with both STT and TTS capabilities.`,
  model: "openai/gpt-5.1",
  voice,
});

// The agent can now use voice for interaction
const audioStream = await agent.voice.speak("Hello, I'm your AI assistant!", {
  filetype: "m4a",
});

playAudio(audioStream!);

try {
  const transcription = await agent.voice.listen(audioStream);
  console.log(transcription);
} catch (error) {
  console.error("Error transcribing audio:", error);
}
```

## Working with Audio Streams

The `speak()` and `listen()` methods work with Node.js streams. Here's how to save and load audio files:

### Saving Speech Output

The `speak` method returns a stream that you can pipe to a file or speaker.

```typescript
import { createWriteStream } from "fs";
import path from "path";

// Generate speech and save to file
const audio = await agent.voice.speak("Hello, World!");
const filePath = path.join(process.cwd(), "agent.mp3");
const writer = createWriteStream(filePath);

audio.pipe(writer);

await new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
  writer.on("finish", () => resolve());
  writer.on("error", reject);
});
```

### Transcribing Audio Input

The `listen` method expects a stream of audio data from a microphone or file.

```typescript
import { createReadStream } from "fs";
import path from "path";

// Read audio file and transcribe
const audioFilePath = path.join(process.cwd(), "/agent.m4a");
const audioStream = createReadStream(audioFilePath);

try {
  console.log("Transcribing audio file...");
  const transcription = await agent.voice.listen(audioStream, {
    filetype: "m4a",
  });
  console.log("Transcription:", transcription);
} catch (error) {
  console.error("Error transcribing audio:", error);
}
```

## Speech-to-Speech Voice Interactions

For more dynamic and interactive voice experiences, you can use real-time voice providers that support speech-to-speech capabilities:

```typescript
import { Agent } from "@mastra/core/agent";
import { getMicrophoneStream } from "@mastra/node-audio";
import { OpenAIRealtimeVoice } from "@mastra/voice-openai-realtime";
import { search, calculate } from "../tools";

// Initialize the realtime voice provider
const voice = new OpenAIRealtimeVoice({
  apiKey: process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY,
  model: "gpt-5.1-realtime",
  speaker: "alloy",
});

// Create an agent with speech-to-speech voice capabilities
export const agent = new Agent({
  id: "speech-to-speech-agent",
  name: "Speech-to-Speech Agent",
  instructions: `You are a helpful assistant with speech-to-speech capabilities.`,
  model: "openai/gpt-5.1",
  tools: {
    // Tools configured on Agent are passed to voice provider
    search,
    calculate,
  },
  voice,
});

// Establish a WebSocket connection
await agent.voice.connect();

// Start a conversation
agent.voice.speak("Hello, I'm your AI assistant!");

// Stream audio from a microphone
const microphoneStream = getMicrophoneStream();
agent.voice.send(microphoneStream);

// When done with the conversation
agent.voice.close();
```

### Event System

The realtime voice provider emits several events you can listen for:

```typescript
// Listen for speech audio data sent from voice provider
agent.voice.on("speaking", ({ audio }) => {
  // audio contains ReadableStream or Int16Array audio data
});

// Listen for transcribed text sent from both voice provider and user
agent.voice.on("writing", ({ text, role }) => {
  console.log(`${role} said: ${text}`);
});

// Listen for errors
agent.voice.on("error", (error) => {
  console.error("Voice error:", error);
});
```

## Examples

### End-to-end voice interaction

This example demonstrates a voice interaction between two agents. The hybrid voice agent, which uses multiple providers, speaks a question, which is saved as an audio file. The unified voice agent listens to that file, processes the question, generates a response, and speaks it back. Both audio outputs are saved to the `audio` directory.

The following files are created:

- **hybrid-question.mp3** – Hybrid agent's spoken question.
- **unified-response.mp3** – Unified agent's spoken response.

```typescript
import "dotenv/config";

import path from "path";
import { createReadStream } from "fs";
import { Agent } from "@mastra/core/agent";
import { CompositeVoice } from "@mastra/core/voice";
import { OpenAIVoice } from "@mastra/voice-openai";
import { Mastra } from "@mastra/core";

// Saves an audio stream to a file in the audio directory, creating the directory if it doesn't exist.
export const saveAudioToFile = async (
  audio: NodeJS.ReadableStream,
  filename: string,
): Promise<void> => {
  const audioDir = path.join(process.cwd(), "audio");
  const filePath = path.join(audioDir, filename);

  await fs.promises.mkdir(audioDir, { recursive: true });

  const writer = createWriteStream(filePath);
  audio.pipe(writer);
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    writer.on("finish", resolve);
    writer.on("error", reject);
  });
};

// Saves an audio stream to a file in the audio directory, creating the directory if it doesn't exist.
export const convertToText = async (
  input: string | NodeJS.ReadableStream,
): Promise<string> => {
  if (typeof input === "string") {
    return input;
  }

  const chunks: Buffer[] = [];
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    inputData.on("data", (chunk) => chunks.push(Buffer.from(chunk)));
    inputData.on("error", reject);
    inputData.on("end", () => resolve(Buffer.concat(chunks).toString("utf-8")));
  });
};

export const hybridVoiceAgent = new Agent({
  id: "hybrid-voice-agent",
  name: "Hybrid Voice Agent",
  model: "openai/gpt-5.1",
  instructions: "You can speak and listen using different providers.",
  voice: new CompositeVoice({
    input: new OpenAIVoice(),
    output: new OpenAIVoice(),
  }),
});

export const unifiedVoiceAgent = new Agent({
  id: "unified-voice-agent",
  name: "Unified Voice Agent",
  instructions: "You are an agent with both STT and TTS capabilities.",
  model: "openai/gpt-5.1",
  voice: new OpenAIVoice(),
});

export const mastra = new Mastra({
  agents: { hybridVoiceAgent, unifiedVoiceAgent },
});

const hybridVoiceAgent = mastra.getAgent("hybridVoiceAgent");
const unifiedVoiceAgent = mastra.getAgent("unifiedVoiceAgent");

const question = "What is the meaning of life in one sentence?";

const hybridSpoken = await hybridVoiceAgent.voice.speak(question);

await saveAudioToFile(hybridSpoken!, "hybrid-question.mp3");

const audioStream = createReadStream(
  path.join(process.cwd(), "audio", "hybrid-question.mp3"),
);
const unifiedHeard = await unifiedVoiceAgent.voice.listen(audioStream);

const inputText = await convertToText(unifiedHeard!);

const unifiedResponse = await unifiedVoiceAgent.generate(inputText);
const unifiedSpoken = await unifiedVoiceAgent.voice.speak(unifiedResponse.text);

await saveAudioToFile(unifiedSpoken!, "unified-response.mp3");
```

### Using Multiple Providers

For more flexibility, you can use different providers for speaking and listening using the CompositeVoice class:

```typescript
import { Agent } from "@mastra/core/agent";
import { CompositeVoice } from "@mastra/core/voice";
import { OpenAIVoice } from "@mastra/voice-openai";
import { PlayAIVoice } from "@mastra/voice-playai";

export const agent = new Agent({
  id: "voice-agent",
  name: "Voice Agent",
  instructions: `You are a helpful assistant with both STT and TTS capabilities.`,
  model: "openai/gpt-5.1",

  // Create a composite voice using OpenAI for listening and PlayAI for speaking
  voice: new CompositeVoice({
    input: new OpenAIVoice(),
    output: new PlayAIVoice(),
  }),
});
```

### Using AI SDK

Mastra supports using AI SDK's transcription and speech models directly in `CompositeVoice`, giving you access to a wide range of providers through the AI SDK ecosystem:

```typescript
import { Agent } from "@mastra/core/agent";
import { CompositeVoice } from "@mastra/core/voice";
import { openai } from "@ai-sdk/openai";
import { elevenlabs } from "@ai-sdk/elevenlabs";
import { groq } from "@ai-sdk/groq";

export const agent = new Agent({
  id: "aisdk-voice-agent",
  name: "AI SDK Voice Agent",
  instructions: `You are a helpful assistant with voice capabilities.`,
  model: "openai/gpt-5.1",

  // Pass AI SDK models directly to CompositeVoice
  voice: new CompositeVoice({
    input: openai.transcription('whisper-1'),      // AI SDK transcription model
    output: elevenlabs.speech('eleven_turbo_v2'),  // AI SDK speech model
  }),
});

// Use voice capabilities as usual
const audioStream = await agent.voice.speak("Hello!");
const transcribedText = await agent.voice.listen(audioStream);
```

#### Mix and Match Providers

You can mix AI SDK models with Mastra voice providers:

```typescript
import { CompositeVoice } from "@mastra/core/voice";
import { PlayAIVoice } from "@mastra/voice-playai";
import { openai } from "@ai-sdk/openai";

// Use AI SDK for transcription and Mastra provider for speech
const voice = new CompositeVoice({
  input: openai.transcription('whisper-1'),  // AI SDK
  output: new PlayAIVoice(),                  // Mastra provider
});
```

For the complete list of supported AI SDK providers and their capabilities:

- [Transcription](https://ai-sdk.dev/docs/providers/openai/transcription)
- [Speech](https://ai-sdk.dev/docs/providers/elevenlabs/speech)

## Supported Voice Providers

Mastra supports multiple voice providers for text-to-speech (TTS) and speech-to-text (STT) capabilities:

| Provider        | Package                         | Features                  | Reference                                                                   |
| --------------- | ------------------------------- | ------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| OpenAI          | `@mastra/voice-openai`          | TTS, STT                  | [Documentation](https://mastra.ai/reference/voice/openai/llms.txt)          |
| OpenAI Realtime | `@mastra/voice-openai-realtime` | Realtime speech-to-speech | [Documentation](https://mastra.ai/reference/voice/openai-realtime/llms.txt) |
| ElevenLabs      | `@mastra/voice-elevenlabs`      | High-quality TTS          | [Documentation](https://mastra.ai/reference/voice/elevenlabs/llms.txt)      |
| PlayAI          | `@mastra/voice-playai`          | TTS                       | [Documentation](https://mastra.ai/reference/voice/playai/llms.txt)          |
| Google          | `@mastra/voice-google`          | TTS, STT                  | [Documentation](https://mastra.ai/reference/voice/google/llms.txt)          |
| Deepgram        | `@mastra/voice-deepgram`        | STT                       | [Documentation](https://mastra.ai/reference/voice/deepgram/llms.txt)        |
| Murf            | `@mastra/voice-murf`            | TTS                       | [Documentation](https://mastra.ai/reference/voice/murf/llms.txt)            |
| Speechify       | `@mastra/voice-speechify`       | TTS                       | [Documentation](https://mastra.ai/reference/voice/speechify/llms.txt)       |
| Sarvam          | `@mastra/voice-sarvam`          | TTS, STT                  | [Documentation](https://mastra.ai/reference/voice/sarvam/llms.txt)          |
| Azure           | `@mastra/voice-azure`           | TTS, STT                  | [Documentation](https://mastra.ai/reference/voice/mastra-voice/llms.txt)    |
| Cloudflare      | `@mastra/voice-cloudflare`      | TTS                       | [Documentation](https://mastra.ai/reference/voice/mastra-voice/llms.txt)    |

## Next Steps

- [Voice API Reference](https://mastra.ai/reference/voice/mastra-voice/llms.txt) - Detailed API documentation for voice capabilities
- [Text to Speech Examples](https://github.com/mastra-ai/voice-examples/tree/main/text-to-speech) - Interactive story generator and other TTS implementations
- [Speech to Text Examples](https://github.com/mastra-ai/voice-examples/tree/main/speech-to-text) - Voice memo app and other STT implementations
- [Speech to Speech Examples](https://github.com/mastra-ai/voice-examples/tree/main/speech-to-speech) - Real-time voice conversation with call analysis